Five Pillars of Islam

What are the 'Five Pillars' of Islam?

They are the framework of the Muslim life: faith, prayer, zakat (Alms giving), fasting, and the pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able.

1. How to become a Muslim? (Shahadah -Declaration)

It only requires a very simple act, but the meaning behind it is very deep. You have to believe that there is only one God, Allah, who created the entire universe, and that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is his final messenger on earth. If you declare this (In Arabic Language) "There is only one God and Muhammad is the messenger of God", with total sincerity, you have become a Muslim. It really is as simple as that. Muslims call this recitation (declare) "Kalma Tiaba" and refer to it as the First Pillar of Islam. And if you become a Muslim by converting (some Muslims would say "reverting") to Islam, your fellow Muslims will accept you as if you had been born a Muslim.

Submitting to God Becoming a Muslim takes you into a new world. It's a world in which you are intensely aware of your relationship with Allah, and aware that everything in the world exists because Allah chose that it should. This gives life a whole new meaning; it lifts many responsibilities, and replaces them with the single aim of living life in the way that Allah wants you to live it. So when you become a Muslim you have to live Allah's way. Every moment of your life has to follow Allah's will. Every choice you make must be the choice that would please Allah.

To someone brought up in the modern, Western, "Me" culture, this sounds pretty constricting. A Muslim would disagree, big time. Part of the Family Muslims thinks of themselves as members of one family, called the Ummah. It's a family of all Muslims, and not just of all Muslims around the world, but of all Muslims who ever existed.

2. Constantly in Touch with Allah: (Salat - Prayer)

Once a Muslim has accepted Allah as the one and only God, they have to establish a constant link with God in their everyday lives - "Salaat (prayer)" is perhaps the best way to do that, and prayer is the Second Pillar of Islam. If it's possible, a Muslim must pray five times a day, at set times, and facing Mecca. You can pray almost anywhere. In mosques men and women pray separately; in some mosques this is done with the men at the front and the women behind, in other mosques there are separate rooms for men and women.

3. Care for Others: (Zakat - Obligatory Charity)

Prayer and belief are not enough to make someone a good Muslim. Islam is very concerned about looking after the welfare of poor people, and the Qur'an specifies that all Muslims above the subsistence level must pay up 2.5% of their annual savings to help people in need. So once a year a Muslim works out 2.5% of everything they own, and hands it to an approved organisation to use for charitable purposes. Muslims call this "Zakat", and it's the Third pillar of Islam. It's not a religious tax, as some people (not Muslims) say, it's an act of worship, and it's something that pleases God; in fact in the Qur'an you'll find that prayer and Zakat are frequently spoken of together.

Zakat is an act of worship that goes directly to making the world a better place for people who are up against it. Paying Zakat also purifies the 97.5% of your wealth that remains, and you can use this as you wish with clear heart. You can use some of it for gifts to charity, but such spontaneous charity is called sadaqah.

Uh, oh Don't ever think of fiddling this calculation in order to pay less.

This isn't like cheating on your income tax, it's cheating on your relationship with God, and you and God will both know about it. It would be like saying your prayers without meaning them. Or saying your prayers and then doing bad deeds. Cheating God never, ever works. Not just because all good deeds and bad deeds are assessed at the Day of Judgement, but also because if you cheat on your faith you cheat yourself of everything that being a good Muslim means.

4. Being Poor and Hungry: (Sayyam -Fasting)

If you're a Muslim it's not enough just to give money for the poor; you're expected to understand what it feels like to be poor and hungry, and to go without food and drink. So once a year, for a month called “Ramzan”, and it's the fourth pillar of Islam. All Muslims "fast" from first sunlight until sunset; abstaining from food, drink, sex, and smoking. This fasting not only helps a Muslim understand the needy, it's a sort of ritual purification of themselves.

Giving Things Up It's not just at Ramzan that Muslims abstain. When you become a Muslim you have to give up certain things like alcohol - khamr - and, of course, drugs for ever. And Muslims don't go to places where alcohol is served - so if you want to discuss Islam with a Muslim friend, the pub is not the place to suggest. You'll find that Muslims manage to have just as good a time without them as most people do with them - In fact they have a much better time. Tobacco isn't banned in the Qur'an, but the Qur'anic principles suggest that smoking is not a good thing.

5. Going to Mecca: (Hajj - Pilgrimage to Makkah)

The highlight of every Muslim's life is the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca and it's the Fifth pillar of Islam, once in his life, Holy War you’ve probably heard the word "Jihad"; and in the Western press it's often misused in the context of "terrorist", "fundamentalist", and "Holy War". But usually when Muslims are talking about Jihad they are talking about something very personal. Jihad means "striving" and in particular it means trying as hard as you can to live your life in the service of Allah. You do this by following the five pillars of Islam, not just to the letter of the law, but to the spirit of the law, with a heart that rejoices in serving God.

But Jihad also means a very personal sort of holy war, the war against our own desires and selfishness when they get in the way of serving Allah. So for example, if we feel selfish and don't want to pay 2.5% of our wealth to the poor and destitute, then we need to wage war on those feelings and do the right thing. If we want to stay talking with our friends when it's prayer time, we need to fight that idle feeling, and go to prayer. And yes, Jihad can also refer to an armed conflict, but Islam lays down extremely strict rules as to what sort of conflict is permissible.